This course will provide participants with a comprehensive overview how cells deal with chemical stress at the molecular and cellular level and make them familiar with the fundamentals necessary to understand cellular mechanisms of adverse drug reactions. Special emphasis is put on the recognition that during drug development the involvement of specialist scientist is often required to achieve a multidisciplinary solution. Participant will receive knowledge about the major processes in cytotoxity, become aware of technologies (use of stem cells, bioimaging, in silico modelling) to evaluate cellular stress responses and cytotoxic reactions and will be able to extrapolate the knowledge from the cellular level to the organ and human level.